Cent Eur J Public Health 2021, 29(1):56-61 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6578

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of Beliefs About Third-Hand Smoke scale: BATHS-T

Dursun Çadirci1, Nuray Kivanç Terzi1, Ragip Terzi2, Fatma Gökºin Cihan3
1 Family Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
2 Educational Measurement and Evaluation Department, School of Education, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
3 Family Medicine Department, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

Objective: Exposure to third-hand smoke (THS) poses health risk, especially for children. THS is mostly ignored in Turkey. The aim of this study is to adapt the Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke (BATHS) scale to Turkish.

Methods: The BATHS scale consists of 9 items, and the data collected from 273 people was considered sufficient for analyses in this methodological study. The BATHS scale is translated into Turkish and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for the construct validity analysis of the scale.

Results: The correlation between the overall BATHS scale and its two sub-dimensions was 0.937 (p < 0.001), and the correlation between the health and persistence sub-dimensions was 0.775 (p < 0.001). Since there was a statistically positive and highly significant relationship, the adapted BATHS scale was considered structurally compatible with the sub-dimensions. The reliability value of the entire scale is 0.90. Test-retest correlation values between the health and persistence dimensions were between 0.745 and 0.960, the values obtained were above 0.70 and had a statistically positive and high level of significant relationship (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: It is concluded that the Turkish version of the BATHS scale is reliable and valid. This scale will allow further research and training on third-hand smoke exposure. Tobacco control programmes success will improve.

Keywords: beliefs, environmental tobacco smoke pollution, passive smoking, reliability and validity, smoking prevention

Received: October 15, 2020; Revised: February 7, 2021; Accepted: February 7, 2021; Published: March 31, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Çadirci D, Terzi NK, Terzi R, Cihan FG. Validity and reliability of Turkish version of Beliefs About Third-Hand Smoke scale: BATHS-T. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2021;29(1):56-61. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a6578. PubMed PMID: 33831287.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Ferrante G, Simoni M, Cibella F, Ferrara F, Liotta G, Malizia V, et al. Third-hand smoke exposure and health hazards in children. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2013;79(1):38-43. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Martins-Green M, Adhami N, Frankos M, Valdez M, Goodwin B, Lyubovitsky J, et al. Cigarette smoke toxins deposited on surfaces: implications for human health. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e86391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086391. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Moritsugu KP. The 2006 Report of the Surgeon General: the health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(6):542-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Bahl V, Jacob P 3rd, Havel C, Schick SF, Talbot P. Thirdhand cigarette smoke: factors affecting exposure and remediation. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e108258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108258. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Winickoff JP, Friebely J, Tanski SE, Sherrod C, Matt GE, Hovell MF, et al. Beliefs about the health effects of "thirdhand" smoke and home smoking bans. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):e74-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Rabin RC. A new cigarette hazard: 'third-hand smoke' [Internet]. The New York Times Company; 2009 [cited 2019 Dec 27]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/03/health/research/03smoke.html.
    7. Szabo L. Babies may absorb smoke residue in home [Internet]. USA Today; 2006 [cited 2019 Dec 27]. Available from: https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-08-06-thirdhand-smoke-usat_x.htm.
    8. Xu B, Chen M, Yao M, Ji X, Mao Z, Tang W, et al. Metabolomics reveals metabolic changes in male reproductive cells exposed to thirdhand smoke. Sci Rep. 2015;5:15512. doi: 10.1038/srep15512. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Destaillats H, Gundel LA, Sleiman M, Singer BC, et el. Thirdhand tobacco smoke: emerging evidence and arguments for a multidisciplinary research agenda. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(9):1218-26. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Sleiman M, Gundel LA, Pankow JF, Jacob P 3rd, Singer BC, Destaillats H. Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(15):6576-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Rehan VK, Sakurai R, Torday JS. Thirdhand smoke: a new dimension to the effects of cigarette smoke on the developing lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011;301(1):L1-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Yolton K, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Lanphear BP, Hornung R. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and cognitive abilities among U.S. children and adolescents. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(1):98-103. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Thomas JL, Guo H, Carmella SG, Balbo S, Han S, Davis A, et al. Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in children exposed to secondhand or thirdhand tobacco smoke in their homes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011;20(6):1213-21. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Alberg AJ, Shopland DR, Cummings KM. The 2014 Surgeon General's report: commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Report of the Advisory Committee to the US Surgeon General and updating the evidence on the health consequences of cigarette smoking. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(4):403-12. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Becquemin MH, Bertholon JF, Bentayeb M, Attoui M, Ledur D, Roy F, et al. Third-hand smoking: indoor measurements of concentration and sizes of cigarette smoke particles after resuspension. Tob Control. 2010;19(4):347-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Fortmann AL, Zakarian JM, Galaviz VE, Chatfield DA, et al. Thirdhand smoke and exposure in California hotels: non-smoking rooms fail to protect non-smoking hotel guests from tobacco smoke exposure. Tob Control. 2014;23(3):264-72. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Escoffery C, Bundy L, Carvalho M, Yembra D, Haardörfer R, Berg C, et al. Third-hand smoke as a potential intervention message for promoting smoke-free homes in low-income communities. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(5):923-30. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Drehmer JE, Ossip DJ, Nabi-Burza E, Rigotti NA, Hipple B, Woo H, et al. Thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents. Pediatrics. 2014;133(4):e850-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Kegler MC, Bundy L, Haardörfer R, Escoffery C, Berg C, Yembra D, et al. A minimal intervention to promote smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(3):530-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Haardörfer R, Berg CJ, Escoffery C, Bundy £T, Hovell M, Kegler MC. Development of a scale assessing Beliefs About ThirdHand Smoke (BATHS). Tob Induc Dis. 2017;15:4. doi: 10.1186/s12971-017-0112-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2016.
    22. Nunnally JC. Psychometric theory. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1978.
    23. Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Mplus user's guide: statistical analysis with latent variables. 7th ed. [Internet]. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén; 2015 [cited 2021 Feb 7]. Available from: https://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/MplusUserGuideVer_7.pdf.
    24. Bentler PM. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull. 1990 Mar;107(2):238-46. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Tucker LR, Lewis C. A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika. 1973 Mar;38(1):1-10. Go to original source...
    26. Bentler PM. EQS 6 Structural Equations Program Manual. Encino: Multivariate Software; 2006.
    27. Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res. 1992;21(2):230-58. Go to original source...
    28. Bilir N. Successes and challenges in tobacco control-Turkish experience of 20 years. Eurasian J Pulmonol. 2017;19(3):119-23. Go to original source...
    29. Kamimura A, Ahmmad Z, Pye M, Gull B. Peer smoking and smoking-related beliefs among college students in Bangladesh. J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(1):51-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content