Cent Eur J Public Health 2004, 12(4):187-189

The Level of Nickel in Smoker's Blood and Urine

Stojanović D., Nikić D., Lazarević K.

Medical Faculty of Nis, Institute of Public Health Nis, Nis, Serbia and Montenegro

General population is exposed to nickel from various sources. Smoking presents a significant form of exposure. The research was conducted in period 2000-2003 in Institute of Public Health in Nis. The samples of tobacco and cigarettes (127 samples) were both domestic and imported, and samples of biological material (123 blood samples and 147 urine samples) were taken from occupationally unexposed persons (smokers and non-smokers). The analyses were performed by electrothermal atomization technique, by Perkin Elmer AAS M-1100.
The results obtained, revealed a high content of nickel in cigarettes (2.32-4.20 mg/kg) and in tobacco (2.20-4.91 mg/kg) regardless of the kind and the origin of tobacco. Nickel content in the blood of smokers (0.01-0.42 μg/l, median 0.07 μg/l) was higher than in the blood of non-smokers (0.01-0.26 μg/l, median 0.06 μg/l) although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the urine of smokers (<0.01-8.20 μg/l, median 1.20 μg/l) there was a significantly higher concentration of nickel than in the urine of non-smokers (<0.01-4.60 μg/l, median 0.50 μg/l), p<0.05. The exposure of smokers to nickel through tobacco smoke was high regardless of the kind and the origin of tobacco and cigarettes. The content of nickel in tissue fluids established by biomonitoring shows that smokers can be far more exposed to this carcinogenic substance than non-smokers and that health risks for smokers are higher in this context.

Keywords: nickel, cigarettes, exposure, blood, urine

Received: March 29, 2004; Revised: July 26, 2004; Accepted: July 26, 2004; Published: December 1, 2004  Show citation