Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2)

Workplace stress and employees' well-being: Evidence from long-term care in the Czech Republic

Blanka Jirkovská, Hana Janečková

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):87-92 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5135  

Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model, which served as the basic concept of mapping workplace stress, on the sample of Czech professional caregivers. ERI model examines the relationship between the long-term subjectively perceived level of workers' effort and rewards and analyses the physical and psychosocial consequences of the (im)balance. Methods: The verification of ERI model in combination with well-being (and its psychosocial consequences) was conducted on a sample of Czech professionals caring for older people in 2014 (N = 265). The survey included 12 facilities providing health and social care...

Chronic hepatitis C in the Czech Republic: Forecasting the disease burden

Soňa Fraňková, Petr Urbánek, Petr Husa, Vratislav Němeček, Homie Razavi, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Roman Chlíbek, Jan Šperl

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):93-98 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5350  

Objective: Chronic HCV infection is associated with cirrhosis of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. HCV disease burden and the impact of new potent direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in the Czech Republic are unknown. Methods: Using a modelling framework, HCV disease progression in the Czech Republic was predicted to 2030 under the current standard of care treatment structure. In addition, two strategies to reduce the future burden of HCV infection were modelled: an incremental increase in treatment annually and WHO targets. Results: The number of viremic infected individuals in the Czech Republic is estimated to peak...

HIV prevalence, knowledge and self-perceived risk of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients in Serbia

Maja B. Stošić, Danijela M. Simić, Dragan D. Babić, Lidija Ristić, Vesna Kuruc

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):99-105 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4950  

Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients, knowledge, self-perceived risks and testing practices related to HIV. Methods: We performed cross-sectional study from 10 May to 15 July 2011. Cluster sampling method was used to select 27 hospitals where 289 TB patients were consecutively recruited. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to identify the factors associated with correct comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Results: HIV prevalence among TB patients was 0.3%. Only 25.2% of the respondents presented comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The...

Environmental and behavioural head and neck cancer risk factors

Vanja Vučičević Boras, Aleksandra Fučić, Sandra Baranović, Igor Blivajs, Maja Milenović, Vesna Bišof, Zoran Rakušić, Marcello Ceppi, Marco Bruzzone

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):106-109 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5565  

Objectives: The high incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC), significantly associated with living environment and behaviour, can be prevented more efficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental and behavioural risk factors for HNC. Methods: Using a detailed questionnaire on social status, education, living and occupational environment exposures, family cancer and lifestyle, HNC patients (103 cases, 76.7% of men) were compared with control subjects (244 subjects, 73% of men) balanced by age: mean (standard deviation) 63.8 (9.3) and 63.8 (9.0) for cases and controls, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that...

Lead contamination of fruit spirits intended for own consumption as a potential overlooked public health issue? A pilot study

Mária Tatarková, Tibor Baška, Miroslava Sovičová, Stanislav Kuka, Eliška Štefanová, Martin Novák, Barbora Váňová, Henrieta Hudečková

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):110-114 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5524  

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of lead in selected samples of fruit distilled spirits for own consumptions in terms of possible contribution to the occurrence of alcohol-attributable diseases. Methods: In a pilot study, we analysed 18 samples of fruit spirits for own consumption. Most of the samples were distilled in the local growing distilleries in the Žilina Region with exception of 3 samples collected in the Trnava Region (one of them was of Hungarian origin). Sample preparation included previous mineralization with use of microwave decomposition system Multiwave 60 50 Hz. The samples were analysed by atomic absorption...

Potential impact of strong tobacco-control policies in 11 newly independent states

David T. Levy, Jeffrey Levy, Kristina Mauer-Stender

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):115-126 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5506  

Objective: While some countries of the WHO European Region are global leaders in tobacco control, the Newly Independent States (NIS) have the highest tobacco-smoking prevalence globally and a relatively low overall level of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) implementation. An abridged version of the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model has been developed to project the health impact of implementing tobacco-control policies in line with the WHO FCTC. Methods: Data on population size, smoking prevalence, policy-specific effect sizes and formulas were applied in 11 NIS - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,...

Influenza vaccination in Austria: Persistent resistance and ignorance to influenza prevention and control

Ursula Kunze, Gabriela Böhm, Bernhard Prager, Ernest Groman

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):127-130 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5010  

Objective: In the Austrian population approximately 350,000-400,000 cases and 1,000-1,200 deaths are observed during an average epidemic, which puts influenza-related deaths on top of the list of vaccine-preventable cases of death. In face of extensive vaccination recommendations, the current vaccination rate of the general population of about 6% is one of the lowest worldwide. The objective of this study was to provide an update regarding the use of influenza vaccination in Austria over the period 1982-2015. Methods: This paper presents data on influenza vaccine use in Austria displayed by the number of distributed doses per 1,000 population over...

Normal-weight obesity frequency in the Central European urban adult female population of Brno, Czech Republic

Martin Čuta, Klára Bařicová, Dominik Černý, Ondřej Sochor

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):131-134 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5133  

Objectives: The universally recognized indicator of nutritional status, BMI, has some shortcomings, especially in detecting overweight and obesity. A relatively recently introduced normal weight obesity (NWO) describes a phenomenon when individuals are found to have normal weight as indicated by BMI but have an elevated percentage of body fat. Normal weight obese individuals face a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic dysfunction and have higher mortality. No studies have been previously performed which would map NWO in Brno, Czech Republic. Methods: In a sample of 100 women from Brno, we assessed the percentage of normal weight...

Factors influencing basal metabolism of Czechs of working age from South Moravia

Jana Olejníčková, Martin Forejt, Erika Čermáková, Lucie Hudcová

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):135-140 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5103  

Objective: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the main part of the total body energy expenditure. The value of BMR is individual and depends on a lot of factors. The goal of the research was to discover the influence of anthropometric parameters, age and gender, on changes of the BMR values. Methods: A total of 177 individuals of Czech Caucasian origin from South Moravia (BMI 27.3 ± 7.88 kg/m²) aged 18-55 (117 women, 60 men) were included in the study. Selected anthropometric characteristics were measured using a stadiometer (SECA 213) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (Inbody 230). BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry (Cortex Metalyzer...

Influence of birth cohort, age and period on suicide mortality rate in Turkey, 1983-2013

Nurhan Doğan, Dilek Toprak, İsmet Doğan

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):141-144 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4787  

Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the potential effects of age, period and cohort (APC) on trends in suicide between 1983 and 2013 in Turkey. Methods: Mortality data were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The data were grouped into seven age groups, four periods and ten birth cohorts. A nonlinear regression model was estimated for both sexes. The effects of age, period and cohort were parameterized using natural spline smoothing functions. Results: There were 61,795 deaths recorded as suicides during the investigated time period, where 64.5% occurred in males (n = 39,862) and 35.5% in females (n = 21,933). There is an upward...

Objective and subjective determinants of self-rated health in Central and Eastern Europe: a multilevel approach

Liubov V. Borisova

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):145-152 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5226  

Objectives: Determinants of health in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have been discussed primarily in relation to the transition of the 1990's and early 2000's, citing lifestyles as the main culprit. This paper tries to draw a bigger picture of the health determinants in CEE in the first decade of the 21st century. To do so, the two main analytical approaches to health are united in one setting. One of them is based on the definition of health as a personal commodity relying mostly on micro-level subjective data. The other views health as a public commodity analysing objective societal characteristics and health care interventions with often a macro-level...

Epidemiology of rare diseases detected by newborn screening in the Czech Republic

Jan David, Petr Chrastina, Karolina Pešková, Viktor Kožich, David Friedecký, Tomáš Adam, Eva Hlídková, Hana Vinohradská, Dana Novotná, Monika Hedelová, Eva Al Taji, Andrea Holubová, Veronika Skalická, Milan Macek, Renata Gaillyová, Felix Votava

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):153-159 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5441  

Objectives: Presymptomatic detection of patients with rare diseases (RD), defined by a population frequency less than 1 : 2,000, is the task of newborn screening (NBS). In the Czech Republic (CZ), currently eighteen RD are screened: phenylketonuria/hyperphenylalaninemia (PKU/HPA), congenital hypothyroidism (CH), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), cystic fibrosis (CF), medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and II deficiency (CPTID, CPTIID), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase...

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County

Antonela Gverović Antunica, Kajo Bućan, Snježana Kaštelan, Helena Kaštelan, Mira Ivanković, Maja Šikić

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):160-164 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5213  

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness. We estimated the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among a diabetic population in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County in the Republic of Croatia and searched for potential risk factors. Methods: A prospective study was performed with 600 diabetic patients from different parts of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County who attended regular medical and ophthalmological check-ups at the General Hospital Dubrovnik from September 2014 to September 2015. Patients underwent a complete medical assessment by two ophthalmologists. Retinal examination included evaluation of the presence of diabetic retinopathy....

Polymorphism in sequence of permanent tooth emergence in Czech children

Romana Šindelářová, Zdeněk Broukal

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):165-169 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5238  

Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine norms of polymorphic variation in the sequence of permanent teeth in Czech children in order to establish first standards applicable to individuals. Setting out such standards, derived from the population to which they will be applied, are essential for diagnoses in paediatric dentistry, orthodontic treatment planning and for anthropological application. Methods: Dental examinations were performed on a sample of 1,370 children (696 girls and 674 boys) aged 4-15 years. All emerged permanent teeth (other than third molars), when at least some part of crown has penetrated the oral mucosa, and the child's...

Short communication

Cluster of hepatitis C in a family: a twenty-year follow-up

Alberto Frosi, Maria Franca Meloni, Giacomo Frosi

Cent Eur J Public Health 2019, 27(2):170-172 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5027  

Objective: We described an impressive cluster of hepatitis C in a single family. Of nine members of the family, six - the mother and five daughters - were affected by chronic hepatitis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b, of which two were co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Sharing a non-disposable injection equipment for intramuscular medical care was the most likely route of contagion. Twenty years after the first observation, we performed a follow up of this family. Methods: The clinical history was updated, and the members of the family underwent a clinical evaluation, extensive liver laboratory tests, and whole serology for hepatitis C...