Cent Eur J Public Health 2007, 15(3):116-121 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3431

Influence of Tobacco Use in Dental Caries Development

Sajith Vellappally1, Zdeněk Fiala1, Jindra ©mejkalová1, Vimal Jacob1, Pilathadka Shriharsha2
1 Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
2 Department of Dentistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic

This review article describes different forms of tobacco usage and its direct relationship with the prevalence of dental caries. Smoking along with co-existing factors like old age, bad oral hygiene habits, food habits, limited preventive dental visits and over all health standards, can be associated with high caries incidence. However, a direct etiological relationship is lacking. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) causes dental caries in children but no studies have been reported in adults. Existing findings are not sufficient and conclusive enough to confirm that ETS causes dental caries. Oral use of smokeless tobacco (ST), predominantly tobacco chewing, is presumably a positive contributing factor to higher incidence of dental caries. Unfortunately, published studies are not converging towards one single factor through which tobacco usage can have direct relationship to dental caries.

Keywords: dental caries, tobacco smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco

Received: April 16, 2007; Revised: June 5, 2007; Accepted: June 5, 2007; Published: September 1, 2007  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Vellappally S, Fiala Z, ©mejkalová J, Jacob V, Shriharsha P. Influence of Tobacco Use in Dental Caries Development. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2007;15(3):116-121. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3431. PubMed PMID: 17958204.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Jha P, Chaloupka FJ, Corrao M, Jacob B. Reducing the burden of smoking world-wide: effectiveness of interventions and their coverage. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2006 Nov;25(6):597-609. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Banoczy J, Squier C. Smoking and disease. Eur J Dent Educ. 2004 Feb;8 Suppl 4:7-10. Go to original source...
    3. WinnDM.Tobacco use and oraldisease. J Dent Educ. 2001Apr;65(4):30612.
    4. Prokhorov AV, Winickoff JP, Ahluwalia JS, Ossip-Klein D, Tanski S, Lando HA, et al; Tobacco Consortium,AmericanAcademy of Pediatrics Center for Child Health Research.Youth tobacco use: a global perspective for child health care clinicians. Pediatrics. 2006 Sep;118(3):e890-903. Go to original source...
    5. Anderson P. Global use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco. DrugAlcohol Rev. 2006 Nov;25(6):489-502. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Walsh PM, Epstein JB. The oral effects of smokeless tobacco. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000 Jan;66(1):22-5. Go to PubMed...
    7. Furberg H, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL, Bulik C, Sullivan PF. Cigarettes and oral snuff use in Sweden: prevalence and transitions.Addiction. 2006 Oct;101(10):1509-15. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Reibel J. Tobacco and oral diseases. Update on the evidence, with recommendations. Med Princ Pract. 2003;12 Suppl 1:22-32. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Hart AC. Prevention of decay of the teeth. Dent Items Interest. 1899;21(3):153-63.
    10. Gibbs MD. Tobacco and dental caries. J Am Coll Dent. 1952;19:365-7.
    11. Zitterbart PA, Matranga LF, Christen AG, Park KK, Potter RH. Association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of dental caries in adult males. Gen Dent. 1990 Nov-Dec;38(6):426-31. Go to PubMed...
    12. Schmidt HJ. Tobacco smoke and the teeth. Stoma (Heidelb). 1951 May;4(2):111-25. (In German.) Go to PubMed...
    13. Johnson NW, Bain CA. Tobacco and oral disease. EU-Working Group on Tobacco and Oral Health. Br Dent J. 2000 Aug 26;189(4):200-6. Go to original source...
    14. Kassirer B. Smoking as a risk factor for gingival problems, periodontal problems and caries. Univ Tor Dent J. 1994;7(1):6-10.
    15. Axelsson P, Paulander J, Lindhe J. Relationship between smoking and dental status in 35-, 50-, 65-, and 75-year-old individuals. J Clin Periodontol. 1998 Apr;25(4):297-305. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Bruno-Ambrosius K, Swanholm G, Twetman S. Eating habits, smoking and toothbrushing in relation to dental caries: a 3-year study in Swedish female teenagers. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005 May;15(3):190-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Ide R, Mizoue T, Ueno K, Fujino Y, Yoshimura T. Relationship between cigarette smoking and oral health status. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2002 Jan;44(1):6-11. (In Japanese.) Go to original source...
    18. Kelbauskas E, Kelbauskiene S, Nedzelskiene I. The influence of smoking on oral health. Medicina (Kaunas). 2005;41(5):418-26. (In Lithuanian.) Go to PubMed...
    19. LudwickW, Massler M. Relation of dental caries experience and gingivitis to cigarette smoking in males 17 to 21 years old (at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center). J Dent Res. 1952 Jun;31(3):319-22. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Ainamo J. The seeming effect of tobacco consumption on the occurrence of periodontal disease and dental caries. Suom Hammaslaak Toim. 1971;67(2):87-94. Go to PubMed...
    21. Hirsch JM, Livian G, Edward S, Noren JG. Tobacco habits among teenagers in the city of Goteborg, Sweden, and possible association with dental caries. Swed Dent J. 1991;15(3):117-23. Go to PubMed...
    22. Heng CK, Badner VM, Freeman KD. Relationship of cigarette smoking to dental caries in a population of female inmates. J Correct health care. 2006;12(3):164-74. Go to original source...
    23. Locker D. Smoking and oral health in older adults. Can J Public Health. 1992 Nov-Dec;83(6):429-32. Go to original source...
    24. Jette AM, Feldman HA, Tennstedt SL. Tobacco use: a modifiable risk factor for dental disease among the elderly. Am J Public Health. 1993 Sep;83(9):1271-6. Go to original source...
    25. Sgan-Cohen HD, Katz J, Horev T, Dinte A, Eldad A. Trends in caries and associated variables among young Israeli adults over 5 decades. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000 Jun;28(3):234-40. Go to original source...
    26. Telivuo M, Kallio P, Berg MA, Korhonen HJ, Murtomaa H. Smoking and oral health: a population survey in Finland. J Public Health Dent. 1995;55(3):133-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Kelbauskas E, Kelbauskiene S, Paipaliene P. Smoking and other factors influencing the oral health of Lithuanian Army recruits. Mil Med. 2005 Sep;170(9):791-6. Go to original source...
    28. Macgregor ID. Survey of toothbrushing habits in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Prev Dent. 1985 Nov-Dec;7(6):27-30.
    29. Macgregor ID, Rugg-GunnAJ. Uninstructed toothbrushing behaviour in young adults in relation to cigarette smoking in Newcastle. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1984 Dec;12(6):358-60. Go to original source...
    30. Talhout R, OpperhuizenA, vanAmsterdam JG. Sugars as tobacco ingredient: effects on mainstream smoke composition. Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Nov;44(11):1789-98. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Williams SA, Kwan SY, Parsons S. Parental smoking practices and caries experience in pre-school children. Caries Res. 2000 Mar-Apr;34(2):11722. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. AligneCA,MossME,AuingerP,WeitzmanM.Associationofpediatricdentalcarieswithpassivesmoking.JAMA.2003Mar12;289(10):1258-64. Go to original source...
    33. Shenkin JD, Broffitt B, Levy SM, Warren JJ. The association between environmental tobacco smoke and primary tooth caries. J Public Health Dent. 2004;64(3):184-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Aligne CA, Stoddard JJ. Tobacco and children. An economic evaluation of the medical effects of parental smoking. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997 Jul;151(7):648-53. Erratum in: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997 Oct;151(10):988. Go to original source...
    35. Lindemeyer RG, Baum RH, Hsu SC, Going RE. In vitro effect of tobacco on the growth of oral cariogenic streptococci. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981 Nov;103(5):719-22. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Edwards K, Braun KM, Evans G, Sureka AO, Fan S. Mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke condensates suppress macrophage responsiveness to interferon gamma. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999 Apr;18(4):233-40. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. National Cancer Institute. Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: the report of the California Environmental Protection Agency. NIH Publ no. 9-4645. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; 1999.
    38. Strauss RS. Environmental tobacco smoke and serum vitamin C levels in children. Pediatrics. 2001 Mar;107:540-2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Vaananen MK, Markkanen HA, Tuovinen VJ, Kullaa AM, Karinpaa AM, Luoma H, et al. Dental caries and mutants streptococci in relation to plasma ascorbic acid. Scand J Dent Res. 1994 Apr;102(2):103-8. Go to original source...
    40. Mandel ID. The functions of saliva. J Dent Res. 1987 Feb;66 Spec No:623-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Wood RA.Allergic rhinitis. In: Hoekelman RA,Adams HM, Nelson NM, Wilson MH, Weitzman ML, editors. Primary pediatric care. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2001. p. 1318-20.
    42. Seow WK. Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998;26(1 Suppl):8-27. Go to original source...
    43. Charlton A. Children and passive smoking: a review. J Fam Pract. 1994 Mar;38(3):267-77.
    44. Nelson E, Jodscheit K, Guo Y. Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and fetal developmental toxicity. Part 1: gross morphological effects. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999 Apr; 18(4):252-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Adair SM. Epidemiology and mechanics of dental disease. In: Pinkham JR, editor. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999.
    46. Tanaka K, Hanioka T, Miyake Y, Ojima M, Aoyama H. Association of smoking in household and dental caries in Japan. J Public Health Dent. 2006;66(4):279-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Kidd EAM, Joyston-Bechel S. Essentials of dental caries: the disease and its management. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
    48. Sitzes L Jr. On chewing tobacco [letter]. ADA news 1977;8:6.
    49. WeintraubJA,BurtBA.Periodontaleffectsanddentalcariesassociatedwith smokelesstobaccouse.PublicHealthRep.1987Jan-Feb;102(1):30-5.
    50. Croft L. Smokeless tobacco. Case report II. Tex Dent J. 1983 Dec;100(12):14-5.
    51. Zitterbart PA, Marlin DC, ChristenAG. Dental and oral effects observed in a long-term tobacco chewer: case report. J Indiana Dent Assoc. 1983 Jul-Aug;62(4):17-8.
    52. Modeer T, Lavstedt S, Ahlund C. Relation between tobacco consumption and oral health in Swedish schoolchildren. Acta Odontol Scand. 1980;38(4):223-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Critchley JA, Unal B. Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: a systematic review. Thorax. 2003 May;58(5):435-43. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. Ernster VL, Grady DG, Greene JC, Walsh M, Robertson P, Daniels TE, et al. Smokeless tobacco use and health effect among baseball players. JAMA. 1990 Jul 11;264(2);218-24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. Going RE, Hsu SC, Pollack RL, Haugh LD. Sugar and fluoride content of various forms of tobacco. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980 Jan;100(1):27-33. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    56. Hsu SC, Pollack RL, Hsu AF, Going RE. Sugars present in tobacco extracts. J Am Dent Assoc. 1980 Dec;101(6):915-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    57. Offenbacher S, Weathers DR. Effects of smokeless tobacco on the periodontal, mucosal and caries status of adolescent males. J Oral Pathol. 1985 Feb;14(2):169-81. Go to original source...
    58. Robertson PB, Walsh MM, Greene JC. Oral effects of smokeless tobacco use by professional baseball players.Adv Dent Res. 1997 Sep;11(3):30712. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    59. Tomar SL, Winn DM. Chewing tobacco use and dental caries among U.S. men. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 Nov;130(11):1601-10. Erratum in: J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 Dec;130(12):1700. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    60. Tomar SL, Winn DM, Swango PA, Giovino GA, Kleinman DV. Oral mucosal smokeless tobacco lesions among adolescents in the United States. J Dent Res. 1997 Jun;76(6):1277-86. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    61. Jacks SC, Schroeder KL, Rosen S. In vitro effect of smokeless tobacoo on cariogenic L. casei. J Dent Res. 1989;68 Spec No:390.
    62. Nyvad B, Kilian M. Mircroflora associated with experimental root surface caries in humans. Infect Immun. 1990 Jun;58(6):1628-33. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    63. Schroeder KL, Rosen S, Ramamurthy NS, Strasyer M. Root caries associalted microflora and collagenase from smokeless tobacco users. J Dent Res. 1989;68 Spec No:390.
    64. Falkler WA Jr, Zimmerman ML, Martin SA, Hall ER. The effect of smokeless-tobacco extracts on the growth of oral bacteria of the genus Streptococcus. Arch Oral Biol. 1987;32(3):221-3. Go to original source...
    65. Taybos G. Oral changes associated with tobacco use.Am J Med Sci. 2003 Oct;326(4):179-82. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    66. Hart GT, Brown DM, Mincer HH. Tobacco use and dental disease. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 1995 Apr;75(2):25-7. Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content