Cent Eur J Public Health 2009, 17(1):14-19 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3512

Healthy Behaviours, Lifestyle Patterns and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome

Magdalena Kwaśniewska1, Dorota Kaleta1, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk1, Wojciech Drygas1,2
1 Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
2 Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of healthy behaviours, lifestyle patterns and sociodemographic factors on risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult residents of rural, small town and large urban areas in Poland.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional analysis of randomly selected representative sample of 1,187 men and women aged 20-74 years participating in the nationwide health survey WOBASZ. Metabolic syndrome was defined by AHA/NCEP criteria (2005). Analysed healthy behaviours included nonsmoking, healthy weight, adequate fruits and vegetables consumption, regular leisure-time physical activity. The 4 lifestyle factors were summed to create a lifestyle index (range 0-4).

Results: Regardless of gender healthy weight, adequate fruits and vegetables consumption and physical activity were associated with lower odds of MS. Non-smoking was significantly related to the lower odds ratio of MS only among men. Following all 4 lifestyle factors was the strongest protective factor against having MS. Being higher educated, in the 20-34 years old cohort, living in the rural area were the most important sociodemographic factors reducing risk of MS.

Conclusions: The obtained results support the need for effective promotion of healthy behaviors and lifestyle patterns, especially in demonstrated high-risk sub-populations. Due to important differences in metabolic risk between various sociodemographic groups, health promotion interventions should be specific in respect to the targeted subpopulations.

Keywords: lifestyle, healthy behaviours, lifestyle index, metabolic syndrome

Received: July 25, 2008; Revised: October 20, 2008; Accepted: October 20, 2008; Published: March 1, 2009  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Kwaśniewska M, Kaleta D, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Drygas W. Healthy Behaviours, Lifestyle Patterns and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2009;17(1):14-19. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3512. PubMed PMID: 19418714.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. MokdadAH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL.Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004 Mar 10;291(10):1238-45. Erratum in: JAMA. 2005 Jan 19;293(3):293-4. JAMA. 2005 Jan 19;293(3):298. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997 May 3;349(9061):1269-76. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Drygas W, Kostka T, Jegier A, Kuński H. Long-term effects of different physical activity levels on coronary heart disease risk factors in middleaged men. Int J Sports Med. 2000 May;21(4):235-41. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz G, Liu S, Solomon CG, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 13;345(11):790-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Willett WC. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 6;343(1):16-22. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Yusuf HR, Giles WH, Croft JB,Anda RF, Casper ML. Impact of multiple risk factor profiles on determining cardiovascular disease risk. Prev Med. 1998 Jan-Feb;27(1):1-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Hu G, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Pyorala K; DECODE Study Group. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2004 May 24;164(10):1066-76. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. ParkYW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Feb 24;163(4):427-36. Go to original source...
    9. Villegas R, Creagh D, Hinchion R, O'Halloran D, Perry IJ. Prevalence and lifestyle determinants of the metabolic syndrome. Ir Med J. 2004 Nov-Dec;97(10):300-3. Go to PubMed...
    10. Wannamethee SG, ShaperAG, Whincup PH. Modifiable lifestyle factors and the metabolic syndrome in older men: effects of lifestyle changes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Dec;54(12):1909-14. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Stelmach W, Kaczmarczyk-Chałas K, Bielecki W, Drygas W. How education, income, control over life and lifestyle contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults in a post-communist country. Public Health. 2005 Jun;119(6):498-508. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. BrodaG,RywikS.Multi-Centerall-PolishHealthSurvey-WOBASZProject. Defining the problem and aims of the study. Pol Popul Rev. 2005;27:29-36.
    13. Rywik S, Kupść W, Piotrowski W, Broda G. Multi-Center all-Polish Health Survey - WOBASZ Project. Methodological assumption and logistics. Pol Popul Rev. 2005;27:37-50.
    14. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al;American HeartAssociation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2735-52. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Bethesda: NHLBI Health Information Center; 1998.
    16. US Department of Health and Human Services [homepage on the Internet]. National Cancer Institute's 5-A-Day Program [cited 2004 Jun 8]. Available from: http://www.5aday.gov.
    17. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 1996.
    18. FordES,FordMA,WillJC,GaluskaDA,BallewC.Achievingahealthylifestyle among United States adults: a long way to go. Ethn Dis. 2001;11(2):224-31.
    19. Reeves MJ, RaffertyAP. Healthy lifestyle characteristics among adults in the United States, 2000. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Apr 25;165(8):854-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Berrigan D, Dodd K, Troiano RP, Krebs-Smith SM, Barbash RB. Patterns of health behavior in U.S. adults. Prev Med. 2003 May;36(5):615-23. Go to original source...
    21. Brien SE, Katzmarzyk PT. Physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in Canada. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Feb;31(1):40-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. PronkNP,AndersonLH,CrainAL,MartinsonBC,O'ConnorPJ,Sherwood NE, et al. Meeting recommendations for multiple healthy lifestyle factors. Prevalence, clustering, and predictors among adolescent, adult, and senior health plan members. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Aug;27(2 Suppl):25-33. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Fine LJ, Philogene GS, Gramling R, Coups EJ, Sinha S. Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors. 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Aug;27(2 Suppl):18-24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Wyrzykowski B, Zdrojewski T, Sygnowska E, Biela U, Drygas W, Tykarski A, et al. Epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome in Poland. The results of the Multi-Center all-Polish Health Survey - WOBASZ Project. Pol Heart J. 2005; 63 Suppl 4:S641-4.
    25. Zhu S, St-Onge MP, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. Lifestyle behaviours associated with lower risk of having the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 2004 Nov;53(11):1503-11. Go to original source...
    26. Li CL, Lin JD, Lee SJ, Tseng RF. Associations between the metabolic syndrome and its components, watching television and physical activity. Public Health. 2007 Feb;121(2):83-91.
    27. Freiberg MS, Cabral HJ, Heeren TC, Vasan RS, Curtis Ellison R; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Alcohol consumption and the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the US: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2004 Dec;27(12):2954-9. Go to original source...
    28. Reaven GM. The metabolic syndrome: is the diagnosis necessary? Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1237-47. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;84(5):1253. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content