Cent Eur J Public Health 2010, 18(4):179-185 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3585

Correlates of Smoking among Polish Adults: Socioeconomic Status, Leisure Time Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption among Polish Adults from Randomly Selected Regions

Donata Woitas-¦lubowska1, Elżbieta Hurnik2, Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn1
1 University School of Physical Education in Poznań, The Branch Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poland
2 University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Computing and ITCentre, Poland

Aim: To determine the association between smoking status and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status (SES) among Polish adults.

Material and methods: 466 randomly selected men and women (aged 18-66 years) responded to an anonymous questionnaire regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, LTPA, and SES. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association of smoking status with six socioeconomic measures, level of LTPA, and frequency and type of alcohol consumed. Smokers were defined as individuals smoking occasionally or daily.

Results: The odds of being smoker were 9 times (men) and 27 times (women) higher among respondents who drink alcohol several times/week or everyday in comparison to non-drinkers (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). Among men with the elementary/vocational level of education the frequency of smoking was four times higher compared to those with the high educational attainment (p=0.007). Among women we observed that students were the most frequent smokers. Female students were almost three times more likely to smoke than non-professional women, and two times more likely than physical workers (p=0.018).

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that among randomly selected Polish man and women aged 18-66 smoking and alcohol consumption tended to cluster. These results imply that intervention strategies need to target multiple risk factors simultaneously. The highest risk of smoking was observed among low educated men, female students, and both men and women drinking alcohol several times a week or every day. Information on subgroups with the high risk of smoking will help in planning future preventive strategies.

Klíčová slova: smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, socioeconomic status, adults

Vloľeno: 24. září 2009; Revidováno: 6. září 2010; Přijato: 6. září 2010; Zveřejněno: 1. prosinec 2010  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Woitas-¦lubowska D, Hurnik E, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Correlates of Smoking among Polish Adults: Socioeconomic Status, Leisure Time Physical Activity and Alcohol Consumption among Polish Adults from Randomly Selected Regions. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2010;18(4):179-185. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3585. PubMed PMID: 21361098.
Sdílet...
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Zobrazit celý článek

    Reference

    1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.The health consequences of smoking: a report of the surgeon general.Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
    2. Segovia J, Bartlett RF, Edwards AC. Health status and health practices - Alameda and beyond. Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Mar;20(1):259-63. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    3. Luoto R, Prättälä R, Uutela A, Puska P. Impact of unhealthy behaviors on cardiovascular mortality in Finland, 1978-1993. Prev Med. 1998 JanFeb;27(1):93-100. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    4. Meng L, Maskarinec G, Lee J, Kolonel LN. Lifestyle factors and chronic diseases: application of a composite risk index. Prev Med. 1999 Oct;29(4):296-304. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    5. World Health Organization. Health 21: the health for all policy framework for the WHO European Region. European health fot all series no.6. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office of Europe; 1999.
    6. Watson P. Explaining rising mortality among men in eastern Europe. Soc Sci Med. 1995 Oct;41(7):923-34. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    7. Peto R, LopezAD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath CJ. Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000: indirect estimates from national vital statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1994.
    8. Central Statistical Office. Health status of Polish population in 2004. Warszaw: Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych; 2006. (In Polish.)
    9. Kwa¶niewska M, Kaczmarczyk-Chałas K. Health-related behaviours associated with smoking and nutrition in the representative sample of inhabitants of ŁódĽ. "Bridging the East-West Health Gap" Project - Cindi 1996. In: Drygas W, Maniecka-Bryła I, Bryła M, editors. Advances in prevention and treatment of chronic non-infectious diseases. ŁódĽ: 2000. p. 29-32. (In Polish.)
    10. Laaksonen M, McAlister AL, Laatikainen T, Drygas W, Morava E, Nüssel E, et al. Do health behaviour and psychosocial risk factors explain the European east-west gap in health status? Eur J Public Health. 2001 Mar;11(1):65-73. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    11. Łopuszańska M, SzklarskaA, Jankowska EA. Health-related behaviours of Polish men and women in years 1984-1999. Zdrowie Publiczne. 2004;114(1):23-8. (In Polish.)
    12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Nov 11;54(44):1121-4.
    13. Van der Wilk EA, Jansen J. Lifestyle-related risks: are trends in Europe converging? Public Health. 2005 Jan;119(1):55-66. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    14. Helasoja VV, Lahelma E, Prättälä RS, Patja KM, Klumbiene J, Pudule I, et al. Determinants of daily smoking in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland in 1994-2002. Scand J Public Health. 2006;34(4):353-62. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    15. Varo JJ, Martínez-González MA, De Irala-Estévez J, Kearney J, Gibney M, Martínez JA. Distribution and determinants of sedentary lifestyles in the European Union. Int J Epidemiol. 2003 Feb;32(1):138-46. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    16. Peel NM, McClure RJ, Bartlett HP. Behavioral determinants of healthy aging. Am J Prev Med. 2005 Apr;28(3):298-304. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    17. Kaczyński AT, Manske SR, Mannell RC, Grewal K. Smoking and physical activity: a systematic review. Am J Health Behav. 2008 JanFeb;32(1):93-110. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    18. Sallis JF, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR. Predictors of adoption and maintenance of vigorous physical activity in men and women. Prev Med. 1992 Mar;21(2):237-51. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    19. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2010: understanding and improving health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.
    20. Balabanova D, Bobak M, McKee M. Patterns of smoking in Bulgaria. Tob Control. 1998; 7(4):383-5. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    21. De Leon J, Rendon DM, Baca-Garcia E, Aizpuru F, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Anitua C, et al. Association between smoking and alcohol use in the general population: stable and unstable odds ratios across two years in two different countries. Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 May-Jun;42(3):252-7. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    22. Satre DD, Gordon NP, Weisner C. Alcohol consumption, medical conditions, and health behavior in older adults. Am J Health Behav. 2007 May-Jun;31(3):238-48. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    23. McDermott L, Dobson A, Russell A. Changes in smoking behaviour among young women over life stage transitions.Aust N Z J Public Health. 2004 Aug;28(4):330-5. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    24. French MT, Zavala SK.The health benefits of moderate drinking revisited: alcohol use and self-reported health status. Am J Health Promot. 2007 Jun-Aug;21(6):484-91. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    25. McElduff P, Dobson AJ. How much alcohol and how often? Population based case-control study of alcohol consumption and risk of a major coronary event. BMJ. 1997 Apr 19;314(7088):1159-64. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    26. Gun RT, Pratt N, Ryan P, Gordon I, Roder D. Tobacco and alcohol-related mortality in men: estimates from the Australian cohort of petroleum industry workers. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2006 Aug;30(4):318-24. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    27. Freiberg MS, Cabral HJ, Heeren TC, Vasan RS, Curtis Ellison R; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol consumption and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the U.S.: a crosssectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2004 Dec;27(12):2954-9. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    28. Dufour MC. Risks and benefits of alcohol use over the life span.Alcohol Health Res World. 1996;20(3):145-51.
    29. Hart CL, Smith GD, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM. Alcohol consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and stroke: results from a prospective cohort study of Scottish men with 21 years of follow up. BMJ. 1999 Jun 26;318(7200):1725-9. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    30. Steptoe A, Wardle J, Fuller R, Holte A, Justo J, Sanderman R, et al. Leisure-time physical exercise: prevalence, attitudinal correlates, and behavioral correlates among young Europeans from 21 countries. Prev Med. 1997 Nov-Dec;26(6):845-54. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    31. Mensink GB, Loose N, Oomen CM. Physical activity and its association with other lifestyle factors. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997 Oct;13(7):771-8. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    32. Shapo L, Pomerleau J, McKee M. Physical inactivity in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City, Albania. Scan J Public Health. 2004;32(1):60-7. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    33. Zimmermann E, Ekholm O, Grønbaek M, Curtis T. Predictors of changes in physical activity in a prospective cohort study of the Danish adult population. Scand J Public Health. 2008 May;36(3):235-41. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    34. Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Lentzas Y, Stefanadis C. Epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity in socio-demographic, lifestyle and psychological characteristics of men and women in Greece: theATTICA Study. BMC Public Health. 2005 Apr 18;5:37. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    35. Norman A, Bellocco R, Vaida F, Wolk A. Total physical activity in relation to age, body mass, health and other factors in a cohort of Swedish men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 May;26(5):670-5. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    36. Lee CY, Hwang SY, Ham OK. Factors associated with physical inactivity among Korean men and women. Am J Health Behav. 2007 SepOct;31(5):484-94. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    37. Kuński H. Smoking and physical activity. Magazyn Medyczny. 1996;7(12):47-9. (In Polish.)
    38. Prättälä R, Karisto A, Berg MA. Consistency and variation in unhealthy behaviour among Finnish men, 1982-1990. Soc Sci Med. 1994 Jul;39(1):115-22. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    39. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Hole D, MacKinnon P, Gillis C, Watt G, et al. Education and occupation social class: which is the more important indicator of mortality risk? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Mar;52(3):153-60. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    40. Kozielski J, Jastrzębski D, Gabry¶ J. Changes of smoking habits during 10 years in population of II year medical school students. Pneumol Alergol Pol. 1996;64(1-2):50-3. (In Polish.)
    41. Giskes K, Kunst AE, Benach J, Borrell C, Costa G, Dahl E, et al. Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005 May;59(5):395-401. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    42. Huisman M, Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP. Inequalities in the prevalence of smoking in the European Union: comparing education and income. Prev Med. 2005 Jun;40(6):756-64. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    43. Borrel C, Dominguez-Berjón F, Pasarin MI, Ferrando J, Rohlfs I, Nebot M. Social inequalities in health related behaviours in Barcelona. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000 Jan;54(1):24-30. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    44. Siahpush M, Borland R. Socio-demographic variations in smoking status amongAustralian aged > or = 18: multivariate results from the 1995 National Health Survey. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2001 Oct;25(5):438-42. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    45. BorowiecA. Determinants of cigarettes smoking among members of middle class in Poland. Zdrowie Publiczne. 2007;117(1):25-31. (In Polish.)
    46. Thomas DP, Briggs V, Anderson PS, Cunningham J. The social determinants of being an Indigenous non-smoker. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008 Apr;32(2):110-6. Erratum in: Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008 Jun;32(3):249. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    47. Shafey O, Dolwick S, Guindon GE, editors. Tobacco control country profiles 2003. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2003.
    48. Shephard RJ. Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. Br J Sports Med. 2003 Jun;37(3):197-206. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    49. Embree BG, Whitehead PC. Validity and reliability of self-reported drinking behaviour: dealing with the problem of response bias. J Stud Alcohol. 1993 May;54(3):334-44. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    50. Central Statistical Office. Life conditions of Polish population in 20042005. Warszaw: Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych; 2007. (In Polish.)
    51. Keeter S, Miller C, Kohut A, Groves RM, Presser S. Consequences of reducing nonresponse in a national telephone survey. Public Opin Q. 2000;64(2):125-48. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...

    Zpět na obsah