Cent Eur J Public Health 2011, 19(1):54-59 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3629

Smoking Practices in Jordanian People and their Impact on Semen Quality and Hormonal Levels among Adult Men

Hisham Y. Al-Matubsi1, Reem A. Kanaan2, Farqad Hamdan3, Maher Salim4, Ghaleb A. Oriquat4, Othman A. Al-Hanbali5
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
2 School of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
3 College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
4 Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
5 Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan

Despite worldwide anti-smoking campaigns, cigarette smoking prevalence is increasing in the third-world countries. It is now regarded as the most important public health issue. Here, we study the current smoking situation and investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on semen quality and hormonal levels among adult people. Furthermore, we suggest various strategies to reduce smoking consumption among young individuals. A cross-sectional data from 804 adult smoker subjects (male n=530 and female n=274) aged between 15 and 45 years were analyzed. One hundred and eleven males were agreed for further evaluation of their semen quality and hormones compared with 93 age-matched non-smoking males. This study showed that the major factors initiating smoking among women were friends' influence (49%), life pressures (16%) and parental imitation (14%). The major reasons in men was friends' influence (65%). Furthermore, 61% of women and 89% of men smoke in public implying social acceptance or even en-couragement of this habit. This study also found that low-income Jordanians consume more tobacco materials than those in the middle- and higher income. Furthermore, smokers had significantly lower (p<0.001) sperm concentration and motility values and higher (p<0.001) serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels than non-smokers.

Keywords: smoking, semen, male hormones, tobacco, cigarette

Received: June 22, 2010; Revised: February 17, 2011; Accepted: February 17, 2011; Published: March 1, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Al-Matubsi HY, Kanaan RA, Hamdan F, Salim M, Oriquat GA, Al-Hanbali OA. Smoking Practices in Jordanian People and their Impact on Semen Quality and Hormonal Levels among Adult Men. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2011;19(1):54-59. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3629. PubMed PMID: 21526658.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Warren CW, Jones NR, Peruga A, Chauvin J, Baptiste JP, Costa de Silva V; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Global youth tobacco surveillance, 2000-2007. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2008 Jan 25;57(1):1-28.
    2. Haddad LG, Malak MZ. Smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Nurs Stud. 2002 Nov;39(8):793802. Go to original source...
    3. Ma'ayed SP. Jordan: mass media campaign combating smoking requires serious commitment and not just words [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2004 [updated 2011; cited 2010 Dec 2]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/training/success_stories/en/best_practices_jordan_media.pdf.
    4. White M, Bush J, Kai J, Bhopal R, Rankin J. Quitting smoking and experience of smoking cessation interventions among UK Bangladeshi and Pakistani adults: the views of community members and health professionals. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006 May;60(5):405-11. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Ismail SR, Kholeif SF, Mokhtar MM. Chromosome damage in passive smoker females. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 1998;73(1-2):111-23. Go to PubMed...
    6. Kandela P. Jordan starts campaign to tackle high rates of smoking. Lancet. 2000 May 20;355(9217):1800. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Burgan SZ. Smoking behavior and views of Jordanian dentists: A pilot survey. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003 Feb;95(2):163-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Al-Wahadni A, Linden GJ. The effects of cigarette smoking on the periodontal condition of young Jordanian adults. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Feb;30(2):132-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Langgassner J. Rauchgewohnheiten der österreichischen Bevölkerung. Statistische Nachrichten. 1999;5:319-26.
    10. Grant ECG.Allergies, smoking and the contraceptive pill. In: Hemmings GP, editor. Biological aspects of schizophrenia and addiction. NewYork: Wiley; 1982.
    11. Vine MF. Smoking and male reproduction: a review. Int J Androl. 1996 Dec;19(6):323-37. Go to original source...
    12. Zinaman MJ, Brown CC, Selevan SG, Clegg ED. Semen quality and human fertility: a prospective study with healthy couples. JAndrol. 2000 Jan-Feb;21(1):145-53.
    13. Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Aggerholm AS, Jensen MS, Toft G, Bonde JP. Is smoking a risk factor for decreased semen quality? A cross-sectional analysis. Hum Reprod. 2007 Jan;22(1):188-96. Go to original source...
    14. Künzle R, Mueller MD, HänggiW, Birkhäuser MH, Drescher H, Bersinger NA. Semen quality of male smokers and nonsmokers in infertile couples. Fertil Steril. 2003 Feb;79(2):287-91. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction. 4th ed. Geneva: WHO; 1999.
    16. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and semen-cervical mucus interaction. 3rd ed. Geneva: WHO; 1992.
    17. Auger J, Eustache F, Ducot B, Blandin T, Daudin M, Diaz I, et al. Intraand inter-individual variability in human sperm concentration, motility and vitality assessment during a workshop involving ten laboratories. Hum Reprod. 2000 Nov;15(11):2360-8. Go to original source...
    18. Horn WR, Rutishauser Ch. Considering and tackling tobacco smoking in the context of adolescent development.Ther Umsch. 2007 Feb;64(2):91-7. (In German.) Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Mester R, Toren P, Ben-Moshe Y, WeizmanA. Survey of smoking habits and attitudes of patients and staff in psychiatric hospitals. Psychopathology. 1993;26(2):69-75. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Raupach T, Nowak D, Hering T, Batra A, Andreas S. Smoking and pulmonary diseases, positive effects of smoking cessation. Pneumologie. 2007 Jan;61(1):11-4. (In German.) Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Pasqualotto FF, Sobreiro BP, Hallak J, Pasqualotto EB, LuconAM. Cigarette smoking is related to a decrease in semen volume in a population of fertile men. BJU Int. 2006 Feb;97(2):324-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Trummer H, Habermann H, Haas J, Pummer K. The impact of cigarette smoking on human semen parameters and hormones. Hum Reprod. 2002 Jun;17(6):1554-9. Go to original source...
    23. Jensen TK, Jørgensen N, Punab M, Haugen TB, Suominen J, Zilaitiene B, et al.Association of in utero exposure to maternal smoking with reduced semen quality and testis size in adulthood: a cross-sectional study of 1,770 young men from the general population in five European countries. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jan 1;159(1):49-58. Go to original source...
    24. Gaur DS, Talekar MS, Pathak VP.Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking: impact of two major lifestyle factors on male fertility. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2010 Jan-Mar;53(1):35-40. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Richthoff J, Elzanaty S, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Giwercman A. Association between tobacco exposure and reproductive parameters in adolescent males. Int J Androl. 2008 Feb;31(1):31-9.
    26. Caks T, Kos M. Body shape, body size and cigarette smoking relationships. Int J Public Health. 2009;54(1):35-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Shimokata H, Muller DC, Andres R. Studies in the distribution of body fat. III. Effects of cigarette smoking. JAMA. 1989 Feb 24;261(8):1169-73. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Saadat M. Serum levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins with respect to smoking status and genetic polymorphism of GSTT1. Mol Biol Rep. 2009 Jul;36(6):1353-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Vermeulen A. Environment, human reproduction, menopause, and andropause. Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:91-100. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Collin O, Kilter S, Bergh A. Tobacco smoke disrupts testicular microcirculation in the rat. Int J Androl. 1995 Jun;18(3):141-5. Erratum in: Int J Androl 1995 Aug;18(4):230. Go to original source...
    31. Zenzes MT. Smoking and reproduction: gene damage to human gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update. 2000 Mar-Apr;6(2):122-31. Go to original source...
    32. Horak S, Polanska J, Widlak P. Bulky DNA adducts in human sperm: relationship with fertility, semen quality, smoking, and environmental factors. Mutat Res. 2003 May 9;537(1):53-65. Go to original source...

    Return to the content