Cent Eur J Public Health 2016, 24(2):120-122
Is Central Europe Safe from Environmental Lead Intoxications? A Case Series
- 1 Department of Occupational Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
- 2 Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
Preventive measures in Central Europe were successful in suppressing both occupational and environmental lead exposure so that they did not constitute a severe public health problem. However, rare lead intoxications still appear. We report on lead intoxication in four family members where the source was removed lead ceiling paint. The symptoms of the lead intoxication started several weeks after removal and the inhalational exposure to the minimum dust residues lasted for more than three months before the poisoning was diagnosed. Father developed anaemia and saturnine colics. He and his two daughters received antidotal treatment which had to be repeated in the children. Finally, all recovered completely. Lead intoxication may be easily overlooked due to the unspecific symptoms. It is necessary to think of this rare poisoning which may be caused by old paints, historical ceramics and lead shots, in addition to commercial products imported from abroad.
Klíčová slova: lead, paints, intoxication, prevention, diagnosis, treatment
Vloženo: 23. listopad 2015; Revidováno: 26. březen 2016; Přijato: 26. březen 2016; Zveřejněno: 1. červen 2016 Zobrazit citaci
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
Reference
- Act No. 137/1924 Coll. concerning the safety rules for workers employed in the crafts of painters, varnishers and decorators. Sbírka zákonů a nařízení [Internet]. 1924 Jun 28 [cited 2015 Nov 15];Pt 70:845-8. Available from: http://ftp.aspi.cz/opispdf/1924/070-1924.pdf. (In Czech.)
- Decree No. 181/2015 Coll. amending the Decree No. 432/2003 Coll., enacting the conditions for job categories, limit values of biological exposure tests, conditions for sampling of biological materials for biological exposure tests and requirements of reports on work with asbestos and biological agents, as amended by Decree No. 107/2013 Coll. Sbírka zákonů ČR. 2015 Jul 24;Pt 74:2214-6. *http://www.tis-cz.cz
- Čejchanová M, Wranová K, Spěváčková V, Krsková A, Šmíd J, Černá M. Human bio-monitoring study - toxic elements in blood of women. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2012 Jun;20(2):139-43.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Jarolímek J, Urban P. Twenty year development of occupational diseases in the Czech Republic: medical and geographical aspects. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2014 Dec;22(4):251-6.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Pawlas N, Strömberg U, Carlberg B, Cerna M, Harari F, Harari R, et al. Cadmium, mercury and lead in the blood of urban women in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, China, Ecuador and Morocco. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013 Mar;26(1):58-72.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Toxbase [Internet]. UK National Poisons Information Service; c19832016 [cited 2015 Oct 30]. Available from: http://www.toxbase.org/Poisons-Index-A-Z/L-Products/Lead/.
- Gulson BL, Mizon KJ, Korsch MJ, Howarth D, PhillipsA, Hall J. Impact on blood lead in children and adults following relocation from their source of exposure and contribution of skeletal tissue to blood lead. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996 Apr;56(4):543-50.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Roberts JR, Reigart JR, Ebeling M, Hulsey TC. Time required for blood lead levels to decline in nonchelated children. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39(2):153-60.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Kennedy C, Lordo R, Sucosky MS, Boehm R, Brown MJ. Primary prevention of lead poisoning in children: a cross-sectional study to evaluate state specific lead-based paint risk reduction laws in preventing lead poisoning in children. Environ Health. 2014 Nov 7;13:93.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- TOXINZ Poisons Information [Internet]. Dunedin: University of Otago, National Poisons Centre; c2016 [cited 2015 Nov 5].Available from: http://www.toxinz.com/.
- Černá M, KrskováA, Čejchanová M, Spěváčková V. Human biomonitoring in the Czech Republic: an overview. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2012 Feb;215(2):109-19.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Hrubá F, Strömberg U, Černá M, Chen C, Harari F, Harari R, et al. Blood cadmium, mercury, and lead in children: an international comparison of cities in six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco. Environ Int. 2012 May;41:29-34.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Brázdová ZD, Pomerleau J, Fiala J,Vorlová L, Müllerová D. Heavy metals in hair samples: a pilot study of anaemic children in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2014 Dec;22(4):273-6.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Pelclová D, Urban P, Lukáš E, Ridzoň P, Šenholdová Z. Health effects of metals - case studies - metal intoxications with neurotoxicological consequences. In: Vojtisek M, Prakash R, editors. Metals and neurotoxicity. Jalgaon: Society for Science and Environment; 2009. p. 93-103.
- Vlček K, Šenholdová Z, Pelclová D, Žák J, Surovcová H. Severe lead intoxication after ingestion of lead shots. Cas Lek Ces. 2005;144(2):282-4. (In Czech.)
- Hoffmanová I, Kačírková P, Kučerová I, Ševčík R, Sánchez D. Lead poisoning - a surprising cause of obstipation, abdominal pain and anemia. Vnitr Lek. 2016;62(2):157-63. (In Czech.)
Přejít na PubMed...
- Pelclová D, Lukás E, Urban P, Preiss J, Rysavá R, Lebenhart P, et al. Mercury intoxication from skin ointment containing mercuric ammonium chloride. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2002 Oct;75 Suppl:S54-9.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Pelclová D, Urban P, Ridzon P, Senholdová Z, Lukás E, Diblík P, et al. Two-year follow-up of two patients after severe thallium intoxication. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2009 May;28(5):263-72.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Ko RJ. Adulterants in Asian patent medicines. N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 17;339(12):847.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Kákosy T, Hudák A, Náray M. Lead intoxication epidemic caused by ingestion of contaminated ground paprika. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(5):507-11.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Levin R, Brown MJ, Kashtock ME, Jacobs DE, Whelan EA, Rodman J, et al. Lead exposures in U.S. Children, 2008: implications for prevention. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Oct;116(10):1285-93.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Amitai Y, Graef JW, Brown MJ, Gerstle RS, Kahn N, Cochrane PE. Hazards of 'deleading' homes of children with lead poisoning. Am J Dis Child. 1987 Jul;141(7):758-60.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Jakab Z, Tsouros AD. Health 2020 - achieving health and development in today's Europe. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2014 Jun;22(2):133-8.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
Přejít na PubMed...
- Pelclová D, Pícková J, Patzelová V. Chromosomal aberrations, hormone levels and oxidative phenotype (P450 2D6) in low occupational lead exposure. Central Eur J Occup Environ Med. 1997;3(4):314-22.