Cent Eur J Public Health 2018, 26(Supplement):S19-S24 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5369

Compliance with gluten-free diet in a selected group of celiac children in the Slovak Republic

Kvetoslava Rimárová¹, Erik Dorko¹, Jana Diabelková¹, Zlatana Sulinová¹, Pavol Makovický², Jana Baková³, Tomáš Uhrin⁴, Andrej Jenča⁵, Janka Jenčová⁵, Adriána Petrášová⁵, Andrej Jenča Jr.⁵, Jozef Jenča⁶

¹ Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic

² Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovak Republic

³ 1st Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovak Republic

⁴ Department of Dermatology, Faculty Hospital of J. A. Reiman, Prešov, Slovak Republic

⁵ Department of Stomatology and Maxilofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovak Republic

⁶ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty Hospital of J. A. Reiman, Prešov, Slovak Republic

Objective: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic long-term disease with autoimmune disorder connected to an allergic reaction to the molecule of gluten. CD is manifested in persons who are genetically predisposed. The only therapy for CD is a strong gluten-free (GF) diet. The aim of our study was to follow the adherence to the gluten-free diet in the selected group of parents and caregivers of children with CD, and to compare factors influencing the adherence to GF diet and therefore influencing also clinical symptoms of CD. We compared and examined important food-related activities as well, by using a personal questionnaire in the group of CD children's parents or caregivers.

Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study; 325 parents or caregivers of children with CD were recruited in the sample. CD was confirmed by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) criteria. The anonymous questionnaires were collected at summer camps within period data 2012-2016 and followed factors which might have an influence on compliance with GF diet, according to parents' opinions.

Results: Adherence to GF diet was statistically significantly higher among girls compared to boys. Parents' questionnaires confirmed that younger group of children and children with the family history of CD had statistically higher compliance with GF diet. Parents with higher education confirmed better adherence to GF diet, statistical analyses confirmed higher adherence in mother´s education compared to father's education. Duration of CD, socio-demographic factors of parents - age of parent, gender of parent, and residency were not statistically significant in terms of compliance with the diet.

Conclusions: Our study confirmed important factors influencing adherence to the GF diet, which are connected to the symptoms and consequences of CD. The assessment of parents' opinions and burden on the families of children with celiac disease should be also reflected in the evaluation of patient's status. Important is also the role of parents in order to facilitate and support clinical interventions and prevention of CD.

Keywords: celiac disease, parent's opinion, risk factors, adherence, gluten-free diet

Received: April 17, 2018; Revised: December 28, 2018; Accepted: December 28, 2018; Published: December 31, 2018  Show citation