Cent Eur J Public Health 2020, 28(1):24-32 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5345

Energy, macronutrients and dietary fibre intake among adults in North Macedonia

Igor Spiroski1,2, Marina Nikolić3, Mihail Kochubovski1,2, Mirjana Gurinović4, Gordana Ristovska1,2, Agnes Kadvan5
1 Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
2 Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
3 European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
4 Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
5 Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, CAPNUTRA, Belgrade, Serbia

Objective: The present research aimed to estimate macronutrients intake among adults in North Macedonia and to identify their predominant food sources.

Methods: Within this cross-sectional study dietary data were collected using repeated 24h recall interviews. Nationwide, adults aged 18+ were recruited. Dietary data, anthropometric measures and socio-demographic characteristics were available for 496 participants. Nutrient intake was analyzed using the Balkan Food Composition Database and Diet Assess and Plan platform. Macedonian dietary guidelines were used for estimation of inadequacy.

Results: Significant differences in macronutrients intake are noticed between age groups within certain socio-demographic factors. Total sugar intake was significantly higher among young adult females comparing with those older than 25 years (p = 0.049). Young urban females have significantly higher fats intake than older participants (p = 0.038). Higher total daily energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates intake (p = 0.033, p = 0.043, p = 0.032, p = 0.042, respectively) was noticed among young urban males when compared to older ones. Only dietary fibre intake was higher among older urban males (p = 0.030). Univariate linear regression models showed that obese participants had significantly higher relative proteins intake comparing with those having BMI within recommended range (p = 0.024, β = 1.21). Relative carbohydrates intake was significantly lower among males (p = 0.018, β = -2.077) and among highly educated participants (p = 0.018, β = -4.304). Participants with tertiary education had higher relative fats intake (p = 0.012, β = 4.213).

Conclusion: Macronutrients intake of adults should be improved. There is higher intake of dietary fats and need for an increase of complex carbohydrates intake, particularly dietary fibre. Findings of this survey should be used in shaping, fine-tuning and implementing food and nutrition policies that will stimulate healthier diets for prevention of diet related non-communicable diseases.

Klíčová slova: macronutrients, dietary habits, nutritional assessment, food consumption survey

Vloženo: 20. březen 2018; Revidováno: 12. září 2019; Přijato: 12. září 2019; Zveřejněno: 30. březen 2020  Zobrazit citaci

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Spiroski I, Nikolić M, Kochubovski M, Gurinović M, Ristovska G, Kadvan A. Energy, macronutrients and dietary fibre intake among adults in North Macedonia. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020;28(1):24-32. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5345. PubMed PMID: 32228813.
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