Cent Eur J Public Health 2022, 30(2):111-118 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7230

Declining neutralizing antibody levels after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: observational data from community point-of-care testing service in Brno, Czechia

Viktor Mravčík1, 2, Simona Kumpanová Valachovičová1, Jindřich Vobořil1
1 Spolecnost Podane ruce, Brno, Czech Republic
2 Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

Objectives: Understanding immune response is critical for control of COVID-19 pandemic. However, recent studies show that vaccine-induced humoral immunity may not be long-lasting and weaker in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Methods: In May 2021, 253 self-nominated persons were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 1 to 104 days (mean 41, median 28) after two doses of Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines in the city of Brno, Czechia. Two point-of-care iCHROMA™ II immunofluorescence assays were used: COVID-19 Ab against mix of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins (IgG Ab); and COVID-19 nAb against S1-RBD protein (nAb). Results were analysed in relation to gender, age, vaccine, and past COVID-19 disease.

Results: Antibodies nAb were detectable in 92.9% (95% CI: 89.7-96.0) of vaccinees. We observed statistically insignificant decrease of positive results from 93.9% (95% CI: 89.5-98.3) and 97.0% (95% CI: 92.8-100.0) in the first and second month after vaccination, respectively, to 91.7% (95% CI: 83.8-99.5) and 78.3% (95% CI: 61.4-95.1) in the third and fourth month, respectively. Quantitative results showed decreasing level of nAb in both genders, age groups and vaccines. Higher levels of nAb were found in younger age group and in COVID-19 convalescents. IgG Ab showed little dynamics in time.

Conclusions: We found robust humoral response after vaccination with mRNA vaccines, however, decreasing nAb levels suggest that vaccine-induced humoral immunity is rapidly waning. This finding is relevant for adjustment of vaccination strategies with regard to inclusion of booster dose(s).

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, immune response, antibody, vaccine

Received: October 7, 2021; Revised: May 23, 2022; Accepted: May 23, 2022; Published: June 30, 2022  Show citation

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Mravčík V, Kumpanová Valachovičová S, Vobořil J. Declining neutralizing antibody levels after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: observational data from community point-of-care testing service in Brno, Czechia. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2022;30(2):111-118. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a7230. PubMed PMID: 35876600.
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