Cent Eur J Public Health 2022, 30(Supplement):S27-S31 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6810

Genetically modified rodent models and celiac, non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a minireview

Kvetoslava Rimárová¹, Gabriel Samasca², Pavol Makovický³, Petra Žáková⁴, Iulia Lupan⁵, Erik Dorko¹, Jana Diabelková¹, Lívia Kaňuková¹, Andrej Jenča Jr.⁶, Adriána Petrášová⁶, Dana Kluková⁷, Ciprian Silaghi⁸, Peter Makovický^{9, 10}

¹ Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic

² Department of Immunology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

³ Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovak Republic

⁴ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

⁵ Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

⁶ Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic

⁷ Polyclinic ProCare, Košice, Slovak Republic

⁸ Department of Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

⁹ Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

¹⁰ Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic

Celiac disease (CD) is a disorder that affects both children and adults. Over the few last decades, several new atypical cases have been identified through improved diagnostic tools. On the other hand, the onset of CD at a later age, including atypical CD forms whose clinical picture overlaps with other autoimmune diseases, shows that currently there are several unknown gene mutations, which could be responsible for the disease development. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is entity included by the ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal, or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the gluten is removed from the nutrition. In this article relationships between genetically modified rodent animals with previously unknown multiple organ changes and CD, respectively NCGS are reviewed. Relationships between the small bowel histological changes and other organs pathology are discussed. Results of research document that changes have similar genetic background and can develop to serious autoimmune systematic diseases, including small bowel inflammation resembling atypical CD or NCGS. These may have extra-intestinal symptomatology but without a clear explanation of causes and differences in their manifestations. Research on animal models helps to discover links between several disorders associated with gastrointestinal damage. New methods based on individual gene mutations can help in atypical adult CD and NCGS recognitions in the future.

Keywords: animal models, celiac disease, gene mutation, mouse, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, prevention, rat, small bowel, gluten, pathology

Received: February 20, 2021; Revised: January 18, 2022; Accepted: January 18, 2022; Published: June 27, 2022  Show citation