Cent Eur J Public Health 2024, 32(Suppl):S18-24 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7888

Assessment of depressive disorders and states of anxiety in patients following cerebrovascular accidents in connection with health care provision

Miriam Ištoňová1, Erik Dorko3, Viliam Knap1, 2, Beáta Stehlíková4, Anna Murgová2, Perla Ondová1, 2, Kvetoslava Rimárová3
1 Department of Physiatry, Balneology, and Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
2 St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
3 Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
4 Institute of Control and Informatization of Production Processes, Faculty of Mining Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic

Objective: Anxiety and depression in patients following cerebrovascular accidents are among frequently occurring complications of the medical condition. The consequences affect personal, family, professional, and social life. They cause severe functional and cognitive impairments, limit the ability to perform normal daily activities, which can result in complete disability. The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence of anxiety and depression in patients following cerebrovascular accidents hospitalized in neurological departments in the region of eastern Slovakia.

Methods: A total of 101 patients following cerebrovascular accidents, aged from 48-86 years, were included in the descriptive study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients and from medical records. We determined the occurrence of anxiety disorders, depression and emotional distress in patients following cerebrovascular accidents using a standardized Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.

Results: Data analysis confirms a high incidence of anxiety in the HADS-A subscale (9.23 ± 4.13) and depression in the HADS-D subscale (9.09 ± 4.43) during the hospitalization phase of the disease. It demonstrates the pathological occurrence of anxiety states in 37%, depression in 36%, emotional distress in 36%, and a serious degree of combination of pathological values of the anxiety subscale and the depression subscale in 27% of patients. The existence of a strong positive correlation between anxiety and depression indicators was confirmed.

Conclusion: The results confirm a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in the acute phase of the disease. The findings indicate that patients recovering from cerebrovascular accidents not only face physical difficulties and loss of independence but also struggle with anxiety and depression, which can negatively impact and slow their recovery. Given the high frequency of these psychological conditions, further research is needed to enhance the quality and effectiveness of care provided to patients with cerebrovascular accidents.

Keywords: anxiety disorders, depression, cerebrovascular accident, screening, comprehensive health care

Received: May 24, 2023; Revised: June 26, 2024; Accepted: June 26, 2024; Published: December 31, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Ištoňová M, Dorko E, Knap V, Stehlíková B, Murgová A, Ondová P, Rimárová K. Assessment of depressive disorders and states of anxiety in patients following cerebrovascular accidents in connection with health care provision. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2024;32(Supplement):18-24. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a7888. PubMed PMID: 39832144.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. National Health Information Center. [Health statistics yearbook of the Slovak Republic 2022] [Internet]. Bratislava: National Health Information Center; 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 21]. Available from: https://www.nczisk.sk/Documents/rocenky/2022/Zdravotnicka_rocenka_Slovenskej_republiky_2022.pdf. Slovak.
    2. Kořínková V, Novotný V. [Rational treatment of depression. Methodological sheet of the Central Commission of Rational Pharmacotherapy and Drug Policy of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic]. 2007;11(3-4):1-8. Slovak.
    3. Kubovičová K, Bartko D. [Depressive disorder in patients after stroke]. Slov J Health Sci. 2011;2(1):23-5. Slovak.
    4. Melartin TK, Rytsälä HJ, Leskelä US, Lestelä-Mielonen PS, Sokero TP, Isometsä ET. Current comorbidity of psychiatric disorders among DSM-IV major depressive disorder patients in psychiatric care in the Vantaa Depression Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;63(2):126-34. Go to original source...
    5. Necho M, Tsehay M, Birkie M, Biset G, Tadesse E. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Nov;67(7):892-906. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rasoulpoor S, Mohammadi M, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020 Jul 6;16(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. World Health Organization. ICD-11. International Statistical Classification of Diseases 11th revision [Internet]. Geneva: WHO [cited 2022 Nov 30]. Available from: https://icd.who.int/.
    8. American Psychiatric Association. [DSM-5: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders]. Prague: Hogrefe - Testcentrum; 2015. Czech.
    9. Kořínková V. [Options for diagnosis and treatment of depression in a general practitioner's office]. Via Pract. 2005;2(10):412-6. Slovak.
    10. Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Chatterji S, Lee S, Ormel J, et al. The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 2009 Jan-Mar;18(1):23-33. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Ištoňová M, Palát M, Kociová K. [Psychosocial risk factors in cardiac rehabilitation]. Rehabil Fyz Lek. 2009;16(1):26-32. Slovak.
    12. Slavíček J, Charvát J, Paclt I, Florian J. [Depression, cardiovascular disease and undesirable cardiovascular side effects of antidepressants - part 1st]. Inter Med Praxi. 2002;4(7):331-5. Czech.
    13. Li W, Xiao Wm, Chen Yk, Qu Jf, Liu Yl, Fang Xw, et al. Anxiety in patients with acute ischemic stroke: risk factors and effects on functional status. Front Psychiatry. 2019 Apr 17;10:257. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00257. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res. 2002 Feb;52(2):69-77. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Stern AF. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Occup Med (Lond). 2014 Jul;64(5):393-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003 Aug 1;1:29. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-1-29. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Nefs G, Pouwer F, Denollet J, Pop V. The course of depressive symptoms in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the Diabetes, Depression, Type D Personality Zuidoost-Brabant (DiaDDZoB) Study. Diabetologia. 2012 Mar;55(3):608-16. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Robinson RG, Spalletta G. Poststroke depression: a review. Can J Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;55(6):341-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Sollár T, Dančová K, Solgajová M, Romanová M. Depression and anxiety as predictors of quality of life after a stroke. Kontakt. 2022;24(1):79-84. Go to original source...
    21. Stapoe A. Depression and physical illness. London (UK): Cambridge Press; 2006.
    22. Selvaraj S, Arora T, Casameni Montiel T, Grey I, Alfraih H, Fadipe M, et al. Early screening for post-stroke depression, and the effect on functional outcomes, quality of life and mortality: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2021 Aug 17;11(8):e050451. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050451. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Herrero MJ, Blanch J, Peri JM, De Pablo J, Pintor L, Bulbena A. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in a Spanish population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2003 Jul-Aug;25(4):277-83. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Brennan C, Worrall-Davies A, McMillan D, Gilbody S, House A. The hospital anxiety and depression scale: a diagnostic meta-analysis of case-finding ability. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Oct;69(4):371-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Lam RW, Michalak EE, Swinson RP. Assessment scales in depression, mania and anxiety. Oxfordshire: Taylor & Francis; 2005. Go to original source...
    26. Bennett HE, Thomas SA, Austen R, Morris AM, Lincoln NB. Validation of screening measures for assessing mood in stroke patients. Br J Clin Psychol. 2006 Sep;45(Pt 3):367-76. doi: 10.1348/014466505x58277. Erratum in: Br J Clin Psychol. 2007 Jun;46(Pt 2):following 251. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Short H, Al Sayah F, Ohinmaa A, Johnson JA. The performance of the EQ-5D-3L in screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms in hospital and community settings. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021 Mar 19;19(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12955-021-01731-x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Dimunová L, Sovariová Soósová M, Kardosová K, Červený M, Belovičová M. Quality of life in patients after stroke. Kontakt. 2020;22(3):157-61. Go to original source...

    Return to the content