Cent Eur J Public Health 2025, 33(3):176-180 | DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a8631

Current view on HIV-2 – epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

Dalibor Sedláček
Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Hospital Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic

Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) is a retrovirus related to HIV-1. It is believed to have evolved from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The disease caused by HIV-2 is manifested by a slower progression compared to HIV-1. Data from West Africa show that 37% to 50% of HIV-2 infected people have undetected or very low viremia and if left untreated, have a much more gradual decline in CD4 T lymphocytes, thus longer survival. However, treatment should not be postponed even in this case, because the course of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people with HIV-2 is more severe than in HIV-1, and also the year-on-year increase in the number of CD4 T lymphocytes is approximately half that of HIV-1. Approximately 6% of people living with HIV-2 (PWH2) can be defined as non-progressors and 9% as elite controllers. However, most untreated PWH2 develop AIDS.

Klíčová slova: antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus 2, people living with HIV-1, people living with HIV-2

Vloženo: 14. duben 2025; Revidováno: 8. srpen 2025; Přijato: 8. srpen 2025; Zveřejněno: 30. září 2025  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sedláček D. Current view on HIV-2 – epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2025;33(3):176-180. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a8631.
Sdílet...
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • PDF bude odemčeno 31.3.2026

    Reference

    1. De Cock KM, Adjorlolo G, Ekpini E, Sibailly T, Kouadio J, Maran M, et al. Epidemiology and transmission of HIV-2. Why there is no HIV-2 pandemic. Jama. 1993;270(17):2083-6. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    2. Esbjörnsson J, Månsson F, Kvist A, da Silva ZJ, Andersson S, Fenyö EM, et al. Long-term follow-up of HIV-2-related AIDS and mortality in Guinea-Bissau: a prospective open cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2019;6(1):e25-31. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    3. Azevedo-Pereira JM, Santos-Costa Q. HIV interaction with human host: HIV-2 as a model of a less virulent infection. AIDS Rev. 2016;18(1):44-53.
    4. Koofhethile CK, Gao C, Chang C, Lian X, Shapiro R, Yu XG, et al. The HIV-2 proviral landscape is dominated by defective proviruses. AIDS. 2024;38(3):309-16. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    5. Singh SP, Raja S, Mahalingam S. Viral protein X unlocks the nuclear pore complex through a human Nup153-dependent pathway to promote nuclear translocation of the lentiviral genome. Mol Biol Cell. 2020;31(4):304-17. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    6. Visseaux B, Damond F, Matheron S, Descamps D, Charpentier C. Hiv-2 molecular epidemiology. Infect Genet Evol. 2016;46:233-40. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    7. Islam S, Moni MA, Urmi UL, Tanaka A, Hoshino H. C-C Chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) acts as coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus-2. Brief Bioinform. 2021;22(4):bbaa333. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbaa333. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    8. Williams A, Menon S, Crowe M, Agarwal N, Biccler J, Bbosa N, et al. Geographic and population distributions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 circulating subtypes: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (2010-2021). J Infect Dis. 2023;228(11):1583-91. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    9. Clavel F, Guétard D, Brun-Vézinet F, Chamaret S, Rey MA, Santos-Ferreira MO, et al. Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science. 1986;233(4761):343-6. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    10. De Mendoza C, Cabezas T, Caballero E, Requena S, Amengual MJ, Peñaranda M, et al. HIV type 2 epidemic in Spain: challenges and missing opportunities. AIDS. 2017;31(10):1353-64. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    11. De Mendoza C, Lozano AB, Rando A, Nieto MDC, Cebollero A, Cabezas T, et al. The incidence of HIV-2 infection in Spain is declining - a registry data analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;146:107076. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107076. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    12. Gomes P, Abecasis A, Almeida M, Camacho R, Mansinho K. Transmission of HIV-2. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(11):683-4. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    13. Ceccarelli G, Giovanetti M, Sagnelli C, Ciccozzi A, d'Ettorre G, Angeletti S, et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2: the neglected threat. Pathogens. 2021;10(11):1377. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10111377. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    14. Ariyoshi K, Schim van der Loeff M, Cook P, Whitby D, Corrah T, Jaffar S, et al. Kaposi's sarcoma in the Gambia, West Africa is less frequent in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 than in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection despite a high prevalence of human herpesvirus 8. J Hum Virol. 1998;1(3):193-9.
    15. Colebunders R, De Vuyst H, Verstraeten T, Schroyens W, Van Marck E. A non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with HIV-2 infection. Genitourin Med. 1995;71(2):129. doi: 10.1136/sti.71.2.129. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    16. Yapo V, Majumder K, Tedbury PR, Wen X, Ong YT, Johnson MC, et al. HIV-2 inhibits HIV-1 gene expression via two independent mechanisms during cellular co-infection. J Virol. 2023;97(12):e0187022. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01870-22. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    17. Guiraud V, Bocobza J, Desmonet M, Damond F, Plantier JC, Moreau G, et al. Are confirmatory assays reliable for HIV-1/HIV-2 infection differentiation? A multicenter study. J Clin Microbiol. 2023;61(8):e0061923. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00619-23. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    18. Ochodo EA, Guleid F, Deeks JJ, Mallett S. Point-of-care tests detecting HIV nucleic acids for diagnosis of HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;8(8):CD013207. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013207.pub2. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    19. Lu MD, Telwatte S, Kumar N, Ferreira F, Martin HA, Kadiyala GN, et al. Novel assays to investigate the mechanisms of latent infection with HIV-2. PLoS One. 2022;17(4):e0267402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267402. Přejít k původnímu zdroji... Přejít na PubMed...
    20. Linka M. NRL for HIV/AIDS, NIPH Prague - personal communication.Chang M, Wong AJ, Raugi DN, Smith RA, Seilie AM, Ortega JP, et al. Clinical validation of a novel diagnostic HIV-2 total nucleic acid qualitative assay using the Abbott m2000 platform: implications for complementary HIV-2 nucleic acid testing for the CDC 4th generation HIV diagnostic testing algorithm. J Clin Virol. 2017;86:56-61.22. Bertine M, Gueudin M, Mélard A, Damond F, Descamps D, Matheron S, et al. New highly sensitive Real-Time PCR assay for HIV-2 group A and group B DNA quantification. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(9):2850-7.23. Charpentier C, Eholié S, Anglaret X, Bertine M, Rouzioux C, Avettand-Fenoël V, et al. Genotypic resistance profiles of HIV-2-treated patients in West Africa. AIDS. 2014;28(8):1161-9.24. Charpentier C, Camacho R, Ruelle J, Eberle J, Gürtler L, Pironti A, et al. HIV-2EU-supporting standardized HIV-2 drug-resistance interpretation in Europe: an update. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(8):1346-7.25. Charpentier C, Berzow D, Le Hingrat Q, Kaiser R, Gomes P, Miranda AC, et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) EU-supporting standardized HIV-2 drug resistance interpretation: an update. Clin Infect Dis. 2025:ciaf110. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf110. In Press.26. European AIDS Clinical Society. EACS Guidelines 2024: version 12.1, November 2024 [Internet]. Brussel: EACS; 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 8]. Available from: https://eacs.sanfordguide.com/.27. Labarga P. New update of the DHHS guidelines for adults and children. AIDS Rev. 2015;17(2):121-2.28. De Mendoza C, Lozano AB, Caballero E, Cabezas T, Ramos JM, Soriano V. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-2 infection in non-endemic regions. AIDS Rev. 2020;22(1):44-56.29. Moranguinho I, Taveira N, Bártolo I. Antiretroviral treatment of HIV-2 infection: available drugs, resistance pathways, and promising new compounds. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5905. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065905.30. Gottlieb GS. Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) infection: progress for people with HIV-2. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(5):749-51.31. Van Kampen JJA, van Nood E, Mahmud R, Krullaars Z, Voskamp T, Voskamp M, et al. Novel Dolutegravir and Lenacapavir resistance patterns in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 infection: a case report. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025;12(1):ofae705. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae705.32. Smith RA, Raugi DN, Nixon RS, Seydi M, Margot NA, Callebaut C, et al.; University of Washington-Senegal HIV-2 Study Group. Antiviral activity of lenacapavir against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) isolates and drug-resistant HIV-2 mutants. J Infect Dis. 2024 May 15;229(5):1290-4.33. Marcelino JM, Borrego P, Nilsson C, Família C, Barroso H, Maltez F, et al. Resistance to antibody neutralization in HIV-2 infection occurs in late-stage disease and is associated with X4 tropism. AIDS. 2012;26(18):2275-84.34. Hanum N, Cambiano V, Sewell J, Phillips AN, Rodger AJ, Speakman A, et al. Use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in England: data from the AURAH2 prospective study. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(9):e501-11. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...

    Zpět na obsah